![]() El seu pare, Melville Daniel MacNeal, era escocès i era mànager d'una companyia itinerant. territories in the Pacific, Asiatic Fleet units were fully withdrawn from Chinese waters and concentrated in the Philippines, where they were based at Cavite and Marivales.Phyllis Virginia Daniels (Bebe era el motiu amb que l'anomenava la seva família de petita) va néixer Dallas el 1901. In 1940, in prescient recognition of the potential threat posed by Japan to U.S. relationship with Japan was severely tested by the Japanese air attack on the river gunboat USS Panay (PR-5) on 12 December 1937, coincident with the Japanese assault on Nanking, the Chinese Nationalist capital. casualty in World War II-a seaman aboard USS Augusta (CA-31), the Asiatic Fleet flagship. This posture led to the later officially designated first U.S. ![]() Thus, the Asiatic Fleet continued to patrol the expanding war area, if only to deter Japanese encroachment against American interests and to protect American lives. Measures instituted by the Japanese included attempts to restrict navigation along the Chinese coast and in rivers, moves that were greatly at odds with the “Open Door” policy espoused by the United States. This situation often led to tensions and confrontations with other foreign powers, notably the United States and Britain, maintaining interests in China. Due to the complex political-military relationship in Japan, Japanese forces in China, in particular those of the Imperial Japanese Army, operated with a great deal of tactical and operational autonomy. In July 1937, the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. In the 1930s, Japan sought expansion in China, and Sino-Japanese tensions increased. The patrol was occasionally augmented by destroyers from the Asiatic Fleet to combat raids by various bandits and communist bands. The Navy gunboats defended American and foreign merchant ships from river pirates who looted and occasionally fired on passing vessels. At least half of the United States’ trade with China-imports and exports-was transported via the river during this time. The Yangtze Patrol, which at its inception included one flagship and five gunboats, protected American lives, interests, and property along the Yangtze River, which served as China’s main artery. One particularly active component of the Asiatic Fleet was the Yangtze Patrol, which was constituted on 5 August 1921. Navy’s Asiatic Fleet maintained a continuous presence in China throughout the 1920s and for most of the 1930s. Even after Rainbow superseded Orange, the growing significance and potential impact of naval air and submarine operations was not fully recognized. Through all of its revisions, War Plan Orange predicated naval line-of-battle operations. “Atlantic First” strategy in World War II. Rainbow 5 assumed that the United States was allied with Britain and France and provided for offensive operations by American forces in Europe and/or Africa. However, many of Orange’s planning assumptions and tenets were integrated in Rainbow 3. ![]() Spurred by the outbreak of war in Europe and the resulting dominant German strategic position, these plans were developed to meet the threat of a two-ocean war against multiple enemies. War Plan Orange, as well as the other color-coded plans, was officially withdrawn in 1939 in favor of the Rainbow Plan series. Navy’s Asiatic Fleet retained the basic mission "to hold the entrance to MANILA BAY, in order to deny MANILA BAY to ORANGE naval forces." In this scenario, the chance of timely reinforcements was very low. The plan’s final (1938) revision gave no indication of how long it should take the Navy to advance into the western Pacific and tacitly recognized the hopeless position of the American forces in the Philippines. ![]() ![]() During the plan’s revisions and due to real-world developments, the American military planners finally concluded that Japan could only be defeated after a long, costly war. The plan’s naval component entailed rapid offensive battle-fleet operations across the Pacific, theoretically in time to strengthen defenses centered in the Philippines. War Plan Orange, with Japan as the notional foe, was the longest and most detailed. strategies for a variety of hypothetical war scenarios. During the 1920s and 1930s, the Joint Planning Committee (the future Joint Chiefs of Staff) of the Joint Army and Navy Board developed a number of color-coded war plans to outline potential U.S. ![]()
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